Public Speech文体学教学讲义.pptVIP

(1)And Ive talked about responsibility a lot. Ive talked about teachers responsibility for inspiring students, and pushing you to learn. Ive talked about your parents responsibility for making sure you stay on track, and get your homework done, and dont spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with that Xbox. Ive talked a lot about your governments responsibility for setting high standards, and supporting teachers and principals, and turning around schools that arent working where students arent getting the opportunities they deserve. 例（1）中，“I’ve talked about”重复了4次，“responsibility”也重复了4次，突出主题，也加深听者的印象，说明责任的重要性。 (2)Dont be afraid to ask questions. Dont be afraid to ask for help when you need it. 例（2）中，“Don’t be afraid to ask questions. ”重复了2次，奥巴马已亲身经历循循善诱鼓励学生大胆求助。 Its the story of students, who sat where you sit 250 years ago, and went on to wage a revolution and found this nation. Students who sat where you sit 75 years ago who overcame a Depression and won a world war; who fought for civil rights and put a man on the moon. Students who sat where you sit 20 years ago who founded Google, Twitter and Facebook and changed the way we communicate with each other. 例（3）中共有3个句子，“the student who sat where you sit 250 years ago”重复了3次，为结构重复，追忆了先驱者们奋力拼搏的辉煌成就，警示学生效仿先辈，努力学习，整个语篇的语义环环相扣，十分流畅。 同义性或近义性指具有同样意义或相近意义的不同词汇之间的接应关系，不管这个词是指人、物、过程或性质。 上义词是相对于下义词而言的。上义词的含义一般概括而抽象，下义词则表示比较具体的含义。上下义词通过词义上的包含关系，在语篇中起到连续作用。 (4) I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity… (5) What you make of your education will decide nothing… What you’re learning in school today will detedrmine… (6) But at the end of the day, the circumstances of your life - what you look like, where you come from, how much money you have, what youve got going on at home - thats no excuse for neglecting your homework or having a bad attitude in school. 在此例中，circumstances在这一特定语境中可看做上义词，而“what you look like”、“where you’ve got going on at home”“How much money you have”和“what you’ve got going