煤矿呼吸性粉尘及其综合控制_李华炜.pdfVIP

1 5 7 Vol . 15 No . 7 2 0 0 5 7 China Safet Science Journal Jul . 2 0 0 5 1, 2 李华炜 副教授 ( 1 中国矿业大学( 北京) 资源与安全工程学院 2 华北科技学院资源与环境工程系) = 在生产过程中产生的粉尘中, 呼吸 粉尘是尘肺病的引发源, 在煤矿防尘工作中必须引起高度 重视我国煤矿尘肺病发病情况十分严重, 据不完全统计, 至2002 年底, 我国煤炭行业累计患尘肺病人数达25 万 以上, 该年度因尘肺病死亡人数是因事故死亡人数的两倍呼吸 粉尘粒径小悬浮时间长肉眼不可见, 极易被 吸入人体的肺部并沉积于肺泡区内, 随着沉积量的增加, 可引发尘肺病尘肺病目前尚无法根治, 但完全可以预 防其有效的预防措施就是对粉尘施行综合控制, 从抑制尘源降低浮尘排除余尘到 个体防护等 一系列技术措 施, 最大限度地减低作业人员的接尘量, 同时进行医学预防, 防止尘肺病的发生和发展建立工程 防御与医学 预防相结合, 防止煤尘爆炸与预防尘肺病 一体化的管理机制 = 呼吸 粉尘; 尘肺; 综合控制; 医学预防; 一体化管理 Comprehensive Control of Respirable Dust in Coal Mines LI Hua-wei1, 2, Assoc. Prof. ( 1 School of Resource Safet Engineering, China Universit of Mining Technolog ( Beijing) 2 Department of Resource Environment Engineering, North China Institute of Science Technolog ) Classification and code of disciplines: 620. 4020 Abstract: Among the various dusts generated in the process of production, silica- containing respirable dust is pathogen of coal workers pneumoconiosis; therefore, dust control must be highl emphasized in coal mining. Pneumoconiosis cases have been ever increasing in China. According to the conservative statistics, the cumulated number of CWP had reached more than 250, 000 b the end of 2002, the death cases were twice the number of death from accidents that ear. Respirable dust has the distinctive fea- tures of tin in particulate diameter, long-suspending and invisible to naked e es. It is eas to be deposited in pulmonar alveoli causing CWP. Pneumoconiosis is not curable, but preventable. The