大学英语四级cet4完型填空翻译讲座.pptVIP

非谓语动词 非谓语动词的句法功能 不定式 ：作： 主、宾、表、定、状、补 分词： 作： 表、定、状、补 动名词： 作： 主、宾、表、定 非谓语动词的语态 从远处看，我发现这座岛屿就像一朵云。 Viewing from the distance, I found the island like a cloud. （表主动） Viewed from the distance, the island looked like a cloud. (表被动) 4） 非谓语动词作宾语补语 有的动词既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾补， 不定式强调过程， 动名词强调动作正在进行或当时的状态。 E.g . see, watch, hear… 动名词表示动作已经发生，不定式表示动作还未发生， E.g: remember, forget, regret… 5) 独立主格结构 独立主格结构 ----谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语， 即逻辑主语与句子主语不一致。一般， 在句子中没有连词，逗号不能连接两个分句， 其中一部分要么是非谓语动词短语， 要么是独立主格结构。 雨停了，他出去散步。 The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. The rain has stopped. He went out for a walk. The rain has stopped, and he went out for a walk. 6) 倒装结构 ----- 强调或突出，分部分倒装和全部倒装。 注意： 引起倒装的否定词和短语： hardly, scarcely, rarely, in no case, under no circumstances,… 位于句首倒装。 Never once has the old couple quarreled with each other. (老两口互相争吵) since they were married 40 years ago. if 引导的条件句，可将should / had 等助动词或were提前, if省略，构成部分倒装。 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。 Were I Tom, I would refuse. not until / hardly / no sooner 引起的倒装句式 not until / hardly / no sooner位于句首，句子主句倒装， 从句不倒装。 Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起了雪。 08-06-91 _________________________________ (直到他完成使命) did he realized that he was seriously ill. Not until he had accomplished the task 语态: 主动语态，被动语态 注意: 1）被动语态的各种时态的具体表示形式。 06-06-91 Though a skilled worker, he was fired by the company (他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis. 不能用于被动语态的动词和短语: 一般，不及物动词及短语 四级翻译题中常见的不能用于被动语态的不及物动词及 短语： appear, break out, occur, depart, happen, take place, ect. 另：某些及物动词及短语也不能用于被动语态。 E.g. belong to, escape, get, have, lack, let, suit, survive, ect. 从句 定语从句、状语从句是汉译英的考查重点之一。 注意： 1. 从句用什么引导词，引导词在句中作什么成分； 2. 定语从句的引导词最重要。 引导定语从句的关系代词： that ,which ,who, whom, whose, as … 引导定语从句的关系副词： when, where, why, as … 08-12-87 Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems （that / which） they haven’t found solution to / to