2017-2018学年高中英语（浙江专用必修五）教师用书：Unit 1 Section+Ⅰ　Warming+Up++Reading－Preparing+Word版含答案.docVIP

Unit 1　Great scientists 2016年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予日本的科学家大隅良典，以表彰其在细胞自噬机制中的发现。 The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute decided to award the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discoveries of mechanisms(机制) for autophagy(自我吞噬)． Born in 1945 in Japan，Ohsumi is a professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.He set up his own lab in 1988 and focused his efforts on protein degradation(恶化，毁坏) in tiny structures called vacuoles(空泡，液泡)—the building blocks of cells which are found in all living creatures，including humans. He starved cells in order to prove that the autophagy，or the self-eating mechanism of cells，existed in yeast(酵母) cells.He found that even during starvation，some cells were able to recycle themselves to keep themselves alive.A major breakthrough was made in 1992，after which Ohsumi published the results. Professor Juleen Zierath，Chairman of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine said Ohsumis discovery was of major significance and has great implications for the future. “The cell has a way to be able to renew itself，so not only can the cell break down long-lived damaged proteins，but the cell can then utilize its proteins for building a new protein.So this process is really important because it helps us to be able to renew the proteins in our body.The amino(氨基的) acids in proteins that we eat are not sufficient to deal with the demands of building new proteins，so this is really an essential recycling plant，it allows us to recycle proteins and to renew ourselves，so this is really a key from his work.” Zierath said Ohsumis discovery will have an impact on research into neurological(神经学的) problems，diabetes(糖尿病) and cancer. 1．implication n． 含义；影响 2．utilize vt. 利用，使用 3．deal with 处理；应付 1．Why did Yoshinori Ohsumi win the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine? 2．What did Professor Juleen Zierath think of Ohsumis discoveries?