2018版高中英语（人教版）必修2同步教师用书：Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Grammar Writing.docVIP

Section Ⅳ　Grammar Writing 限制性和非限制性定语从句 阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法 1．This gift was the Amber Room，which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 2．The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. 3．It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels，which took the countrys best artists about ten years to make. 4．However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick WilliamⅠ，to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. 5．Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句在意义上与先行词关系密切，是不可缺少的定语。非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整；非限制性定语从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别： 1．限制性定语从句具有修饰限制的作用，如果限制性定语从句省略了，句子意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句和先行词之间关系不很密切，只是起补充说明的作用，去掉并不影响整个句子的意思。例如： The young man who stole the car was put into prison. 偷车的那个年轻人坐牢了。(限制性定语从句) His brother，who is an engineer，will go to London next week. 他哥哥是位工程师，下周要去伦敦。(非限制性定语从句) 2．限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号隔开；而非限制性定语从句和主句之间有逗号隔开。例如： This is the man who used to quarrel with me. 这就是那个过去常和我吵架的人。 This is his house，where he once lived. 这就是他的房子，他曾经在里面住过。 3．限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词；而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词也可以是前面一句话的内容。例如： I bought a book yesterday which is very popular among young people. 我昨天买了一本在年轻人中非常受欢迎的书。 His son has made great achievements in his work，which made him very proud. 他儿子在工作中取得了很大的成就，这使他很骄傲。 4．关系代词使用情况不同。 (1)关系代词that和关系副词why可以引导限制性定语从句，但不可以引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中应用which，for which来替代。例如： The house that I bought has a lovely garden. The house，which I bought，has a lovely garden. 我买的房子有一个漂亮的花园。 I have told him the reason why I was late this morning. I have told him the reason, for which I was late this morning. 我已经告诉了他我今早迟到的原因。 (2)关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who来代替，但在非限制性定语从句中则不可以。例如： This is the American whom/who I met yesterday. 这就是我昨天见到的那个美国人。 Peter，whom you met in London，is now in Paris. 彼得现在在巴黎，你在伦敦见过他的。 (3)which引导限制性定语从句时，如果在从句中作宾语，可以省略。但在非限制性定语从句中是不可以省略的。例如： The computer(that/which)I had rep