数学专业英语(吴炯圻-第2版)2-2方案策划.ppt

New Words Expressions: angle 角 cube 立方体 arc 弧 curved line 曲线 major arc 优弧 cylinder 柱体 minor arc 劣弧 diameter 直径 architect 建筑师 dimension 维数，大小 breadth 宽度 endpoint 端点 chord 弦 equidistant 等距离的 circumference 周长 line segment 直线段 cone 圆锥 radius 半径 critical 临界的 pyramid 棱锥;New Words Expressions: ray 射线 sphere 球，球面semicircle 半圆 surface 面，曲面solid 立体的，立体 thickness 厚度 ;Many leading institutions of higher learning have recognized that positive benefits can be gained by all who study this branch of mathematics. ;Geometry is a science that deals with forms made by lines. A study of geometry is an essential part of the training of the successful engineer, scientist, architect, and draftsman.;One of the most important objectives derived from a study of geometry is making the student be more critical in his listening, reading and thinking. In studying geometry he is led away from the practice of blind acceptance of statements and ideas and is taught to think clearly and critically before forming conclusions.;1. Solids and planes. A solid is a three-dimensional figure. Common examples of solids are cube, sphere, cylinder, cone and pyramid.;2. Lines and line segments. We are all familiar with lines, but it is difficult to define the term. A line may be represented by the mark made by moving a pencil or pen across a piece of paper.;A point has no length, no width, and no thickness, but marks a position. We are familiar with such expressions as pencil point and needle point. We represent a point by a small dot and name it by a capital letter printed beside it, as “point A” in Fig. 2-2-1. ;There are three kinds of lines: the straight line, the broken line, and the curved line. A curved line or, simply, curve is a