河北省张家口一中高中英语必修三Unit 1《Festivals around the world》语法--情态动词.docVIP

情 态 动 词 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态。如需要、可能、愿意、怀疑等。情态动词有一定的词义，但不完整，必须和主要动词的原型一起构成谓语。常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, will, should, would, be able to,及半情态动词be to do, had better等。 情态动词的基本用法： （一）can“能够” 1.表示体力或脑力方面的能力，或根据客观规律能做某事的能力。如： He can speak English. I can go there now. 注意 (1)can表“能够”时，既可指现在也可指将来。 (2)can与be able to的区别： ① 表“能力”时二者同义 No one can / is able to do it. ② be able to常侧重经过努力有能力做到，有多种时态。can侧重自身的能力，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 ③ was / were able to do表示通过努力克服困难或在一定的条件下成功地做了某事，侧重结果，相当于managed to do或succeeded in doing...。could仅表自身的能力或本领，但未必成功做到。 With the help of the firemen, they were able to leave the burning house. He was able to swim across the river. In the end, we were able to rescue the workers trapped in the fire. 2.表示“许可，允许”。在疑问句中表示请求，许可；否定句中表示“不许”。此时常与may通用： May/Can I do it? This sort of thing cant go on! 这类事情不能再继续了！ can not有时可以表示“禁止”相当于mustnt： You cant（mustnt，are not allowed to）play football in the street.你不可以在大街上踢球。 Who can he be? She cant be waiting for you. He cant have gone there alone. 4.表惊讶、疑虑。 How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? 他咋会连开幕式都迟到？ Can it be late? 会不会晚了？ （二）could 1．表“能力”“可能性”“许可”，为can的过去式。 He said he could go. 2. could用于一般现在时中表委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法。（此时不是can的过去式，用can回答。此时can和could没有时间的差别，只是could语气更客气些。 -Could I borrow your pen? - Yes, you can. （三）may, might (may的过去式为might） You may go now. 否定式may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用must not（＝mustnt）代替。may用于疑问句中时，回答多避免用may，以免显得太严肃或不客气。 -May I watch TV tonight？ -Yes, you can.（No, you mustnt/youd better not） -May I smoke here？ -Yes, please.(No, please dont.) 2.表推测：“或许、可能”。表示一件事或许会发生，只用 在陈述句中。 It may rain tomorrow. 3. may可以表祝愿，一般放在句首构成倒装句式： May you succeed! =I hope you may succeed.祝您成功! May that day come soon!！ May you be happy, healthy and wealthy! 祝你快乐，健康，富有。 She suggested a few books which I might buy. 5. might用于一般现在时比may委婉，或表示现实的可能性更小一些。 He might come soon. I wonder if I might borrow some