英国概况之政府方案策划.pptxVIP

The government of the United KingdomThe system of government: constitutional monarchyThe United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, the head of state is a King or a Queen. The United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty’s Government. 联合王国是君主立宪制国家,国家的首脑是国王或女王。联合王国以君的名义,由国王或女王陛下政府治理。The system of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution. The British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.英国的议会制度并不是基于成文宪法,英国宪法不由单一文件构成,而由成文法,习惯法和惯例组成。司法部门裁定习惯法或解释成文法。The formation of government?the U.K is divided into 659 geographical areas ( constituencies)选区 ---- each one has its own MP(Member of Parliament)in the parliament.the party that holds the majority of the seats in parliament forms the government and the party leader as the Prime Minister.term of service ---Each government can be in power for 5 years then it has to resign and hold a “general election”.The Constitution-- Britain has no written Constitution. The foundations of the British State are laid out in statute law(成文法), which are laws passed by Parliamentthe common laws(普通法,判例法), which are laws established through common practice in the courtsconventions(习惯法), which are rules and practices not existing legally, but regarded as vital to the workings of government.The Monarchy（君主制）--- the oldest institution of government(hereditary)divine right of kings (君权神授)---The ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects. This was used by the kings as an excuse for abusing power. And the dispute over the power of the king and the parliament led to the civil war.Magna Carta --- a medieval Latin name meaning “Great Charter”. In 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal barons and the Church to grant them a charter of liberty and political rights. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king’s