《FACS》__Chapter_5_6.docVIP

Chapter 5:  Lower Face Action Units – Horizontal Actions  Figure 5-1. Locations of lower face horizontal action units 14 and 20  Muscular Anatomy  Muscular Action  This chapter describes two Horizontal Action Units (AUs 14 and 20) and some combinations of these two AUs with the Up/Down AUs introduced in Chapter 4. AU 20, the Lip Stretcher, pulls the lip corners laterally. AU 14, the Dimpler, tight- ens the lip corners and pulls them inwards. Figure 5-1 shows the two muscles relevant to the horizontal group. Facial Action Coding System 145 Lower Face Action Units – Horizontal Actions Action Unit 20 – Lip Stretcher Figure 5-1 shows that the muscle underlying AU 20 emerges near the back of the jaw (ramus of the mandible) and attaches to the lip corner. The action of AU 20 pulls the lips laterally, back towards the ears. When the action of 20 is strong, the platysma (AU 21) is usually recruited, evidenced by the tightening or bulging in the neck. A. Appearance Changes due to 20 1. Pulls the lips back laterally; the lip corners may be raised or lowered to a limited extent but the main movement is horizontal. 2. Elongates the mouth. 3. The lips become flattened and stretched by the lateral pull. 4. Pulls the skin beyond the lip corners laterally, so that the cheek area adjacent to the lip corner becomes flattened. 5. Wrinkles may appear at the lip corners or beyond the lip corners part way back towards the ears; the shape of these wrinkles is not important in distinguishing 20 from other AUs, but their presence due to the lateral pull on the skin is noteworthy. 6. Pulls the lower portion of the nasolabial furrow, and pulls the skin in the lower nasolabial furrow area laterally. 7. Stretches the skin over the chin boss laterally. May cause the chin to appear flattened and/or wrinkled. 8. Can stretch nostril wings laterally to elongate the nostrils opening. Note that 20 stretches the lower lip laterally, and that sign alone is not a sufficient basis for scorin