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Development of High Pressure Xenon Imagers with Optimal 用最优高压氙气探测器的发展.ppt
Development of a High Pressure Xenon Imager with Optimal Energy Resolution Azriel Goldschmidt on work with David Nygren Instrumentation Series Seminar LBNL, March 2009 Physics Motivations Neutrinoless double beta decay (bb0n): Tests Majorana nature of neutrino Helps determine absolute neutrino mass If observed, lepton number NOT conserved Current situation: controversial (one claim), may require new and richer approach WIMP dark matter: Direct detection Current situation: controversial (one claim), may require new and richer approach This talk focuses on the bb0n Double Beta Decay Spectra How to look for neutrino-less decay Measure the spectrum of the electrons bb0n Experiments CANDLES 48Ca CaF2 scintillator crystals COBRA 116Cd CdZnTe crystals CUORE 128Te TeO2 Bolometers EXO 136Xe Liquid Xenon TPC GERDA 76Ge Enriched Ge diode MAJORANA 76Ge Enriched Ge diode SNO+ 150Nd Nd loaded liquid scintillator SuperNEMO 82Se Foils in track/calorimeter Past Results CUORE Cryogenic “calorimeters” CUORICINO: 40.7kg TeO2 (34% abundant 130Te) T0n1/2 ≥ 3.0 × 1024 yr (90% C.L.) mn ≤ 0.19 – 0.68 eV Resolution DE/E = 2 x 10-3 FWHM at 2.5 MeV CUORE ~1000 crystals, 720 kg “Gotthard TPC” Pioneer TPC detector for 0-? ?? decay search 5 bars, enriched 136Xe (3.3 kg) + 4% CH4 MWPC readout plane, wires ganged for energy No scintillation detection ? no TPC start signal! No measurement of drift distance ?E/E ~ 80 x 10-3 FWHM (1592 keV) 66 x 10-3 FWHM (2480 keV) Reasons for this less-than-optimum resolution are not clear… Likely: uncorrectable losses to electronegative impurities Possible: Undetectable losses to quenching (4% CH4) But: ~30x topological rejection of ? interactions! EXO-200 200 kg Enriched 136Xe EXO-200 expected E resolution Energy resolution in a Xe Dual Phase (XENON) What’s needed… Long lifetimes (1025 years) require: Large Mass of relevant isotope (100 kg) Small or No background: Clean materials Underground, away from cosmic rays Background rejection met
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