Separation Techniques - scienceisfun - home分离技术scienceisfun家.ppt

Separation Techniques LSS 1 Term 3 Mixtures and Pure Substances Recap: How do we define mixture? A mixture contains two or more constituent substances which are not chemically combined together. A mixture retains the properties of its constituents. Examples include: air, seawater, alloys like brass, bronze and steel Is water a mixture? Water from sea? Mixture of sand, salt, dead matter, etc. Water from tap? Solution of small amounts of minerals Click here to find out what’s in our tap water. Deionized water? Purified water formed by removing ions present in water source Click here to find out more. Pure substances Pure substance is a single substance not mixed with anything else. Most things around us are not pure substances. Eg. Gold used in jewellery Purification processes need to be used to obtain pure substances. Separation Techniques Separation techniques refers to the physical methods that can be used to separate the constituents of mixtures. Sometimes, a combination of separation techniques will be used to obtain pure substances. Separation techniques are essentially methods of purification. Separation Techniques Filtration Evaporation (to dryness) Distillation (Simple and Fractional) Chromatography Magnetic Attraction/ Separation Crystallization Separating immiscible liquids Discussion With the help of diagrams, describe the following separation techniques and the kind of mixture (solid-solid, solid-liquid, etc.) it can be used to separate: Filtration Distillation Evaporation to dryness Separating Immiscible Liquids ‘Miscibility’ describes how well two substances mix together. Two liquids are immiscible if they do not mix with each other. This will give a two-layered liquid mixture. Question: Which liquid will be on top of the other? Example: Oil and water Separating Immiscible Liquids To separate two immiscible liquids, a separating funnel is used. Separating Immiscible Liquids Limitations of Evaporation to Dryness as a purification method Many substance