1 Introduction Why molecular analysis：1引言为什么分子分析.pptVIP

Molecular analysis of genetic variation in trees Molecular analysis of genetic variation in trees Introduction – Why molecular analysis? Techniques for molecular genetic analysis What does molecular analysis reveal about genetic variation in trees? Molecular genetic variation and the impact of tree cultivation Case Studies of molecular analysis Limitations of molecular analysis Introduction: Why molecular analysis? Utility of traditional techniques is limited because Influenced by environmental factors The number of characters available are few Long time for evaluation (trees) Therefore, molecular genetic markers are now often used These provide information on the underlying diversity and genetic constitution of trees and allow more optimal genetic management strategies to be developed Techniques for molecular genetic analysis The most commonly applied are isozyme and PCR-based approaches Isozyme analysis Detection of different allelic forms of the same enzyme by electrophoresis and staining Inherited in a Mendelian and codominant manner Disadvantage: Need fresh material because relies on enzyme activity Techniques for molecular genetic analysis II Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis amplified fragment length polymorphism random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR simple sequence repeats Disadvantage: Expensive What does molecular analysis reveal about genetic variation in trees? Genetic variation within tree populations is high Molecular genetic differentiation among populations is generally low (but statistically significant). However, there are exceptions, and under-differentiation of some tropical taxa  Molecular genetic variation and the impact of tree cultivation  Levels of genetic variation in cultivated material are generally lower than in wild populations A narrow genetic base in cultivated material can have serious negative implications for sustainable utilisation With the trend to tr