COMPOUNDS AND MOLECULES化合物和分子.ppt

Molecules, Ions Their Compounds Compounds Molecules COMPOUNDS are a combination of 2 or more elements in definite ratios by mass. The character of each element is lost when forming a compound. MOLECULES are the smallest unit of a compound that retains the characteristics of the compound. MOLECULAR FORMULAS Formula for glycine is C2H5NO2 In one molecule there are 2 C atoms 5 H atoms 1 N atom 2 O atoms WRITING FORMULAS Can also write glycine formula as H2NCH2COOH to show atom ordering or in the form of a structural formula MOLECULAR MODELING MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND MOLAR MASS Molecular weight = sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in the molecule. Molar mass = molecular weight in grams What is the molar mass of ethanol, C2H6O? 1 mol contains 2 mol C (12.01 g C/1 mol) = 24.02 g C 6 mol H (1.01 g H/1 mol) = 6.06 g H 1 mol O (16.00 g O/1 mol) = 16.00 g O TOTAL = molar mass = 46.08 g/mol Tylenol Formula = Molar mass = Molar Mass How many moles of alcohol are there in a “standard” can of beer if there are 21.3 g of C2H6O? (a) Molar mass of C2H6O = 46.08 g/mol (b) Calc. moles of alcohol How many molecules of alcohol are there in a “standard” can of beer if there are 21.3 g of C2H6O? = 2.78 x 1023 molecules How many atoms of C are there in a “standard” can of beer if there are 21.3 g of C2H6O? = 5.57 x 1023 C atoms Molecular Ionic Compounds ELEMENTS THAT EXIST AS MOLECULES ELEMENTS THAT EXIST AS DIATOMIC MOLECULES ELEMENTS THAT EXIST AS POLYATOMIC MOLECULES IONS AND IONIC COMPOUNDSsee Screen 3.5 IONS are atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge. Taking away an electron from an atom gives a CATION with a positive charge Adding an electron to an atom gives an ANION with a negative charge. Forming Cations Anions PREDICTING ION CHARGES In general metals (Mg) lose electrons cations nonmetals (F) gain electrons anions Charges on Common Ions METALS M n e- + Mn+ where n = periodic group Na+ sodium ion Mg2+ magnesium