Electrochemistry - NUI Galway：电化学-高威.pptVIP

Electrochemistry Standard reduction potentials Electrochemical series Applications of Galvanic Cells The glass pH electrode Corrosion Batteries-providing electricity from chemistry Lead-acid batteries Other batteries Images of batteries Electrolysis Applications of Electrolytic Cells Electrolysis of brine Electroplating * Redox reactions The half-reactions for Sn2+(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq) ? Sn4+(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) are Oxidation: Sn2+(aq) ? Sn4+(aq) +2e- Reduction: 2Fe3+(aq) + 2e- ? 2Fe2+(aq) In oxidation: electrons are products. In reduction: electrons are reactants. Voltaic or Galvanic Cells The energy released in a spontaneous redox reaction can be used to perform electrical work. Voltaic or galvanic cells are devices in which electron transfer occurs via an external circuit. Voltaic cells use spontaneous reactions. If a strip of Zn is placed in a solution of CuSO4, Cu is deposited on the Zn and the Zn dissolves by forming Zn2+. Zn is spontaneously oxidized to Zn2+ by Cu2+. The Cu2+ is spontaneously reduced to Cu0 by Zn. Galvanic cells consist of Anode: Zn(s) ? Zn2+(aq) + 2e2 Cathode: Cu2+(aq) + 2e- ? Cu(s) Salt bridge (used to complete the electrical circuit): cations move from anode to cathode, anions move from cathode to anode. The two solid metals are the electrodes (cathode and anode). As oxidation occurs, Zn is converted to Zn2+ and 2e-. The electrons flow towards the anode where they are used in the reduction reaction. A shorthand convention exists for describing batteries. For the Cu/Zn battery, it would be described as follows: Zn(s)|Zn2+(aq)|| Cu2+(aq)|Cu(s) The ANODE... The CATHODE... -supplies electrons to the external circuit (wire) -accepts electrons from the external circuit (wire) -is the negative pole of the battery -is the positive pole of the battery -is the site of OXIDATION -is the site of REDUCTION -is written on the left han