PowerPoint - Centre for Critical Qualitative Health ResearchPowerPoint -定性健康研究中心.ppt

The Ethics of Qualitative Research: Negotiating the Nature of Closeness and the Closeness of Nature Elizabeth Peter Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Member, Joint Centre for Bioethics Overview Background: Research Ethics The nature of qualitative research Invasiveness Confidentiality Privacy Emergent Designs the Unanticipated Commentary (Judith Friedland) Nazi Experiments Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Code 1948 “The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely necessary.” Kant’s Categorical Imperatives Categorical Imperative I “I ought never to act except in such a way that I can also will that my maxim should become universal law.” Categorical Imperative II “One must act to treat every person as an end and never as a means only.” Tri-Council Policy Statement An Ethic of Research Involving Human Subjects The selection and achievement of morally acceptable ends. The morally acceptable means to those ends. (Tri-Council 2003) Guiding Ethical Principles Respect for Human Dignity Respect for Free Informed Consent Respect for Vulnerable Persons Respect for Privacy Confidentiality Respect of Justice Inclusiveness Balancing Harms Benefits Minimizing Harm Maximizing Benefit Pythagorean Table of Opposites Male Determinate Form Bounded Clear Rest Straight Light Good Female Indeterminate Form Unbounded Vague Motion Curved Dark Bad Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Potential Risks: Invasiveness Invasiveness Establishing Rapport In-depth Interviewing Sensitive Research Vulnerable Participants/Subjects Establishing Rapport? Many scholars “feel that most of traditional in-depth interviewing is unethical, whether wittingly or unwittingly. The techniques and tactics of interviewing, they say, are really ways of manipulating the respondents.” (Fontana Frey, 2000, p. 662) Clinical vs. Research Relationships Clinical Relationships Primarily focused