Emulsion - Dr Ted Williams：乳液-泰德威廉姆斯博士.ppt

Emulsion Definition Applications Classification Theory of emulsification Stability of emulsion Preservation of emulsion Emulsion preparation Nascent method Dry gum Wet gum Incorporation of drugs into emulsion Microemulsion Emulsion Pharmaceutical application of emulsions O/W emulsion is convenient for oral dosing To cover unpleasant taste To increase oral absorption I.V. O/W, if oral o/w not possible (RES uptake) External use (topical cream) Emulsion types Types Oil-in-water (o/w) Water-in-oil (w/o) Oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o) Water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) Determination of o/w or w/o Water soluble dye (e.g., methylene blue) Dilution of emulsions Conduction of current Theory of emulsification Classification of emulsifying agents Surface active agents (monomolecular film) Hydrophilic colloids (multimolecular film) Finely divided solid particles (Particulate film) Monomolecular adsorption Multimolecular adsorption and film formation 1. Hydrated lyophilic colloids (hydrocolloids) providing a protective sheath around the droplets imparting a charge to the dispersed droplets (so that they repel each other) swelling to increase the viscosity of the system (so that droplets are less likely to merge) 2. Classification of hydrocolloids vegetable derivatives, e.g., acacia, tragacanth, agar, pectin, lecithin animal derivatives, e.g., gelatin, lanolin, cholesterol Semi-synthetic agents, e.g., methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose Synthetic agents, e.g., carbomers (PEG and acrylic acid) Solid particle adsorption Description: Finely divided solid particles that are wetted to some degree by both oil and water can act as emulsifying agents. This results from their being concentrated at the interface, where they produce a particulate film around the dispersed droplets to prevent coalescence. Example of agents: bentonite (Al2O3.4SiO2.H2O), veegum (Magnesium Aluminum Silicate), hectorite, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate Auxiliary Em