Computer System Architecture - UCI计算机体系结构- UCI.ppt

Principles of Operating Systems - I/O Structures and Storage * Deadlock Detection Allow system to enter deadlock state Detection Algorithm Single instance of each resource type use wait-for graph Multiple instances of each resource type variation of banker’s algorithm Recovery Scheme Process Termination Resource Preemption Principles of Operating Systems - I/O Structures and Storage * Memory Management Main Memory is an array of addressable words or bytes that is quickly accessible. Main Memory is volatile. OS is responsible for: Allocate and deallocate memory to processes. Managing multiple processes within memory - keep track of which parts of memory are used by which processes. Manage the sharing of memory between processes. Determining which processes to load when memory becomes available. Principles of Operating Systems - I/O Structures and Storage * Binding of instructions and data to memory Address binding of instructions and data to memory addresses can happen at three different stages. Compile time, Load time, Execution time Other techniques for better memory utilization Dynamic Loading - Routine is not loaded until it is called. Dynamic Linking - Linking postponed until execution time Overlays - Keep in memory only those instructions and data that are needed at any given time Swapping - A process can be swapped temporarily out of memory to a backing store and then brought back into memory for continued execution MMU - Memory Management Unit Hardware device that maps virtual to physical address. Principles of Operating Systems - I/O Structures and Storage * Contiguous Allocation Divides Main memory usually into two partitions Resident Operating System, usually held in low memory with interrupt vector and User processes held in high memory. Single partition allocation Relocation register scheme used to protect user processes from each other, and from changing OS code and data Multiple partition allocation holes of various sizes are scattered throughout me