Construction Technology - Land Survey施工技术-土地调查.pptVIP

Construction Technology - Excavation The first step in construction Land is excavated to provide for utilities, improved surfaces and structures Excavation plans are designed by civil engineers Where To Dig? Guidance Systems Transit and Engineer’s Rod - used to measure cut depths, slopes The engineer’s rod is placed where dirt is being added or removed The surveyor looks through the transit at the number on the rod Laser Guidance A laser is precisely positioned It projects onto a target on the earthmover Depending on where it hits the target the dozer raises or lowers its blade Batter Boards Batter boards provide a place to anchor strings to guide excavation Strings provide straight lines to dig along Excavators Excavator This is a hydraulically driven machine Used mainly for digging holes, trenches and placing heavy objects Can be equipped with grapplers, rock breakers, etc. Bulldozer One of the first earthmovers developed used in large scale construction its main implement is the front mounted blade used for pushing dirt may be equipped with rippers, winches, etc. Front End Loader Developed in the 1940’s Mainly used for general loader work Can also be used as a tool carrier Due to expense used only in large scale construction projects Motor Grader Used to cut grades mostly used in road construction and large earth moving operations requires the most skilled operators Off Road Dump Truck Hauls large quantities of dirt, rocks and construction debris Useful when large distances must be covered Scraper Used to cut and carry earth Often laser guided to produce flat grades Capable of cutting or dumping earth at controlled depths Some are tandem engine * * * * *