国外有关杀菌剂作用机制的幻灯片.pptVIP

Modes of Action for Plant Disease Management Chemistries Michael Matheron University of Arizona Yuma Agricultural Center Biological mode of actionFungicidal action can be expressed in one of two physically visible ways. Inhibition of spore germination. Inhibition of fungus growth. Physiological mode of action What happens at the cellular level to cause the visible effects on spore germination and fungal growth?  The physiological mode of action Fungicides are metabolic inhibitors and their modes of action can be classified into four broad groups. Inhibitors of electron transport chain. Inhibitors of enzymes. Inhibitors of nucleic acid metabolism and protein synthesis. Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. Inhibition of electron transport chain(Respiration in mitochondria) Sulfur Disrupts electron transport along the cytochromes Strobilurins (azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin) Inhibit mitochondrial respiration, blocking the cytochrome bc1 complex. Plant activators In contrast to conventional fungicides, plant activators have no direct effect on pathogens. Plant activators induce plants to produce natural disease-fighting compounds. * Why is it important to be familiar with the physiological mode of action of a fungicide ? For resistance management and preservation of fungicide effectiveness. A typical cell and cell components Electron transport chain Enzymes Nucleic acid metabolism and protein synthesis Sterol synthesis Inhibition of enzymes Copper Nonspecific denaturation of proteins and enzymes. Dithiocarbamates (maneb, manzate, dithane, etc) Inactivate –SH groups in amino acids, proteins and enzymes. Substituted aromatics (chlorothalonil, PCNB) Inactivate amino acids, proteins and enzymes by combining with amino and thiol groups. Organophosphonate (fosetyl-Al) Disrupts amino acid metabolism. Inhibition of nucleic acid metabolism and protein synthesis Benzimidazoles (thiophanate-methyl) Inhibit DNA synthesis (nuc