曼昆经济学原理课件(下)-宏观部分Chapter_33.pdfVIP

第三十三章 总需求与总供给 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 1 短期经济波动 Short-Run Economic Fluctuations 经济活动年复一年地波动 Economic activity fluctuates from year to year. 在大多数年份里，物品与服务的生产是上升的 In most years production of goods and services rises. 在过去50年，平均来说，美国经济的生产每年增长 约3个百分点。 On average over the past 50 years, production in the U.S. economy has grown by about 3 percent per year. 在一些年份，正常的增长没能出现，导致了衰退。 In some years normal growth does not occur, 2 causing a recession. 短期经济波动 Short-Run Economic Fluctuations 衰退是实际GDP下降、收入减少、失业上 升的时期 A recession is a period of declining real GDP, falling incomes, and rising unemployment. 萧条是严重的衰退 A depression is a severe recession. 3 关于经济波动的三个关键事实 Three Key Facts About Economic Fluctuations 经济波动是不规则和不可预测的。 Economic fluctuations are irregular and unpredictable. 经济当中的波动常常被称作经济周期 （或译商业周期） Fluctuations in the economy are often called the business cycle. 大多数宏观经济变量一起波动。 Most macroeconomic variables fluctuate together. 随着产出下降，失业率上升。 As output falls, unemployment rises. 4 短期经济波动一瞥 A Look At Short-Run Economic Fluctuations (a)Real GDP 实际GDP:Figure31-1 Billions of 衰退 1992 Dollars Recessions $7,000 6,500 Real GDP 6,000 5,500 5,000 4,500