ACID-BASE BALANCE - Austin Community College District：酸碱平衡-奥斯汀社区学院区.pptVIP

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ACID-BASE BALANCE - Austin Community College District：酸碱平衡-奥斯汀社区学院区.ppt

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ACID-BASE BALANCE - Austin Community College District：酸碱平衡-奥斯汀社区学院区.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acid-Base Balance: Overview MLAB 2401: Clinical ChemistryKeri Brophy-Martinez Terms Acid Any substance that can yield a hydrogen ion (H+) or hydronium ion when dissolved in water Release of proton or H+ Base Substance that can yield hydroxyl ions (OH-) Accept protons or H+ Terms pK/ pKa Negative log of the ionization constant of an acid Strong acids would have a pK 3 Strong base would have a pK 9 pH Negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration pH= pK + log([base]/[acid]) Represents the hydrogen concentration Terms Buffer Combination of a weak acid and /or a weak base and its salt What does it do? Resists changes in pH Effectiveness depends on pK of buffering system pH of environment in which it is placed Terms Acidosis pH less than 7.35 Alkalosis pH greater than 7.45 Note: Normal pH is 7.35-7.45 Acid-Base Balance Function Maintains pH homeostasis Maintenance of H+ concentration Potential Problems of Acid-Base balance Increased H+ concentration yields decreased pH Decreased H+ concentration yields increased pH Regulation of pH Direct relation of the production and retention of acids and bases Systems Respiratory Center and Lungs Kidneys Buffers Found in all body fluids Weak acids good buffers since they can tilt a reaction in the other direction Strong acids are poor buffers because they make the system more acid * Blood Buffer Systems Why do we need them? If the acids produced in the body from the catabolism of food and other cellular processes are not removed or buffered, the body’s pH would drop Significant drops in pH interferes with cell enzyme systems. Blood Buffer Systems Four Major Buffer Systems Protein Buffer systems Amino acids Hemoglobin Buffer system Phosphate Buffer system Bicarbonate-carbonic acid Buffer system Blood Buffer Systems Protein Buffer System Originates from amino acids ALBUMIN- primary protein due to high concentration in plasma Buffer both hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide Bl