Linux Security - Christopher Newport University系统安全性-克里斯托弗纽波特大学.pptVIP

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Linux Security - Christopher Newport University系统安全性-克里斯托弗纽波特大学.ppt

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Linux Security - Christopher Newport University系统安全性-克里斯托弗纽波特大学.ppt

Linux Security An overview notes from Linux Network Security HowTO Basic Approach Focus on OSI model Most initial probes are service-level attacks enter through a port try to compromise the server use the “server” to gain access to other info and accounts One of the fundamental security policies is to limit the number of services offered. Basic Linux Approaches tcp wrappers firewall software ipfwadm ipchains application security login security kerberos, etc tcp wrappers Used in conjunction with inetd services not managed by inetd are NOT protected by this approach Generally a simple approach host.allow and host.deny files control access How tcp wrappers works inetd.conf format hosts.allow and hosts.deny in /etc Two files configure the tcpd rules entry servicelist: hostlist [:shellcmd] hosts.allow and hosts.denyWhich comes first? hosts.allow takes precedence if this file grants access, the client gets access in spite of the info in hosts.deny hosts.deny will stop if match exists there if neither matches, service is granted. Example: Remember! ONLY WORKS for INETD launched services! Check for others with netstat! Proactive measures Many services do a reverse DNS verification to authenticate machines. ident is a service which will track which users are using specific services. Examine your own machines for vulnerabilities use SATAN and similar network scanners find ports providing services and review. Proactive measures Replace insecure services with secure versions: qmail for sendmail Keep up-to-date versions of your software to handle problems like SYN flooding fixed in kernel updates Pentium FOOF reboot (in a cgi etc) reboots machine but fixed in kernel update ping floods : stop at firewall ping o’ death with response too large for kernel makes machine hang or crash, fixed in update Proactive measures NFS file system running over RPC..tcp/ip allows you to mount file systems an unknown machine can mount and the root from that machine can have root access map ext