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Constructed-Response Items EXAMPLES: Spelling Test Short Answer Completion List Label a Diagram Short Essay Extended Essay Performance Sketch/Drawing Speech Portfolio * Topics: Constructed Response Item Family Nature and Challenges Short Answer and Completion Items Essay Items Performance Tasks and Group Work Formative Classroom Assessment Techniques Portfolio Assessment * General Nature of Constructed Response Items Students respond “from scratch” based on a prompt. Many variations exist, but items fall along a continuum from very simple responses to very extended responses. General reception by many educators is more positive to this item grouping than the selected response grouping. You will hear other professionals in education use different terms, usually in the context of saying “we need to replace our school’s multiple choice tests with essay exams.” (speaker is “old-school”, we now think of essay as one type among many types of constructed response items) performance assessment.” (speaker usually means he/she advocates something other than filling in bubbles on test sheet) authentic assessment.” (speaker wants the assessment task to be closer to a task we would do in everyday experience) alternative assessment.” (speaker wants an alternative to multiple choice exams, but this term is ambiguous as it also has other meaning; such as making individual student accommodations) * Key Challenges for Constructed Response Items Scoring Reliability The essence of a constructed response item is that it allows for variation in response; thus evaluation will require human judgment. Different scorers may have different judgments; one scorer may not be consistent over time or among students in class. Adequacy of Content Coverage Constructed response items tend to focus on central aspects of the content. If your testing target is a large body of knowledge or a large number of learning objective the constructed response approach may come up short. Constructed res