Band PeopleTribes around the World - University of Minnesota 带peopletribes世界-明尼苏达大学.pptVIP

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Band PeopleTribes around the World - University of Minnesota 带peopletribes世界-明尼苏达大学.ppt

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Band PeopleTribes around the World - University of Minnesota 带peopletribes世界-明尼苏达大学.ppt

Political Organization and Leadership V.B. Modern Microcultures V.A. Modern Folk Societies IIII. States III. Chiefdoms II. Tribes I. Bands Political Organization and Leadership I. Bands Political Organization and Leadership II. Tribes Political Organization and Leadership III. Chiefdoms Political Organization and Leadership IIII. States Political Organization and Leadership V.A. Modern Folk Societies Political Organization and Leadership V.B. Modern Microcultures Political Organization and Leadership I. Bands Band Societies Hunting / Gathering 99% of human’s time has been that of a hunter-gatherer Band Societies Until the mid-1980s the !Kung model of the foraging lifeway dominated the band paradigm (Science, May 1988) Band Societies Anthropologists no longer take the !Kung as the model of pre-agricultural band societies Band Societies Anthropologists now recognize a much greater variability among foraging bands (Science, May 1988) Band Societies But The Desert People are not hunters The Hunters are hunters, for example . . . Band Societies The Desert People Pfeiffer, Ch. 15 The Hunters Pfeiffer, Ch. 16 Hunting / Gathering The Desert People Australian “aborigines” The Hunters “Bushmen” !Kung San Khoisan zhun/twasi (“ourselves”) Band Societies The Desert People simple material culture The Hunters simple material culture Band Societies Band Societies Moving puts a premium on multi-purpose tools e.g., digging stick, blade tools . . . Hunting / Gathering While foraging groups are usually bilineal in descent and inheritance, some early hunting groups may have been patrilineal bands . . . Hunting / Gathering The Desert People “band” society The Hunters “band” society Hunting / Gathering Hunting / Gathering Band Societies small groups of families ca. 20 – 50 / group Band Societies !Kung San in Camps Band Societies 20 – 500 persons integrated by a shared language and a sense of common identity exact numbers depend on the carrying capacity of their geographic