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Learning and Memory Portrait: The Mystery of Memory H.M. Bilateral transection of the temporal lobes After surgery, left with anterograde amnesia Above average IQ Good memory for events before the surgery, but unable to describe the job he has worked for 6 months Spatial memory for his immediate surroundings Learning and Memory Amnesia Partial or total loss of memory Multiple Memory Systems Different kinds of learning and memory use independent neural processes Learning and Amnesia Karl Lashley Attempted to find the neural location of learning Concluded that memory is represented in multiple regions H.M. Surgery that removed the medial temporal lobes Case supports Lashley’s view Varieties of Amnesia Infantile Amnesia Loss of memory for the early years of life Fugue State Form of memory loss where individuals have no knowledge of their former life Transient Global Amnesia Sudden onset and short course Loss of old memories and inability to form new memories Varieties of Amnesia ECT Treatment for depression Can produce a transient amnesia Restricted brain damage can produce specific amnesias Amnesia for verbs, nouns, or animals Varieties of Amnesia Anterograde Amnesia Inability to acquire new memories Global Anterograde Amnesia Impairment in the ability to form new memories across a variety of areas Retrograde Amnesia Inability to remember old memories Varieties of Amnesia Time-Dependent Retrograde Amnesia Severity of injury determines how far back in time the amnesia extends Theories of Retrograde Amnesia Consolidation Theory Role of the hippocampus is to consolidate memories and then send them to be stored elsewhere in the brain Accounts for preservation of old memories As more damage occurs, the more old memories will be lost Theories of Retrograde Amnesia Multiple-trace Theory Three kinds of memory Autobiographic memory Factual semantic memory General semantic memory Each type is dependent on a different brain area Old memories are more resistant to amn