Units of Measurement测量单位.pptVIP

* Metric System Based on the decimal system, the metric system is the common system used for scientific measurements. International System of Units (SI Units) Internationally agreed upon choice of metric units; consists of base units from which all other units can be derived. Temperature: The measure of how hot or cold an object is. SI Unit: Kelvin (K) Common Units: Celsius (oC) or Fahrenheit (oF) Converting between K and oC: K=oC+273 oC=K-273 Examples: 0 oC = 273 K 25 oC = 298 K 200 K = -73 oC Mass: The amount of matter in a body. SI Units: kilogram (kg) Common Units: pounds (lbs) and ounces (oz) 1 kg is approx. 2.2 lbs 1 kg = 1000 g 1 oz = 28.35 g Length: A measure of distance. SI Unit: meter (m) Common Units: inches (in); miles (mi) 1 in = 2.54 cm = 0.0254 m 1 mi = 1.609 km = 1609 m Volume: Amount of space occupied by a body. SI Unit: cubic meter (m3) Common Units: Liter (L) or milliliter (mL) or cubic centimeter (cm3) Density: Amount of mass per unit volume of a substance. SI Units: kg/m3 Common Units: g/cm3 or g/mL Problem: Drunken Donny steals an unknown alcohol from the chemistry lab at work. He does not know that there are numerous different types of alcohols. Methyl alcohol has a density of 0.792 g/mL and is poisonous if consumed. Ethyl alcohol has a density of 0.772 g/mL and is the common alcohol which Drunken Donny loves to drink. If the stolen unknown alcohol has a measured mass of 71.28 g and a measured volume of 90.0 mL, which alcohol did Drunken Donny steal to drink? Uncertainty in Measurements Exact numbers: numbers that have a definite value. Examples of exact numbers: If you buy a dozen eggs you have bought exactly 12 eggs 1 kg is equal to exactly 1000 g Any counted number such as number of people in a room or number of skittles in a bag Inexact numbers: numbers that do not have a definite value and contain some uncertainty. There is always uncertainty in measured quantities! Significant Figures All