An Overview the Photovoltaic Industry概述了光伏产业.pptVIP

Integrating Renewables – A Utility Perspective Jennifer S. Szaro OUC ~ The Reliable One OUC’s Renewable Energy Business Objectives Balance sustainability with affordability and reliability Provide a hedging strategy against potential regulatory requirements through the acquisition of renewable energy credits (RECs) and Carbon Offsets Leverage state and federal incentives offered to encourage the development of customer-sited assets Offer an option to customer requests for environmentally-friendly energy and water investments Pursue least-cost planning for future energy investments Key Technologies Biomass Energy Technologies Gasification Co-Firing with Traditional Fuels Anaerobic Digestion Stand-Alone Biomass Generators Biomass Energy Resources Landfill Gas Municipal Solid Waste Biomass Residues Energy Crops (Including Algae) Solar Energy Photovoltaics Solar Hot Water Concentrating Solar Biomass for Electricity Benefits: Can be co-fired Can be used 24 hours/day Carbon neutral fuel Can be burned as solid or gas using conventional technologies Relatively low cost if available Creates local jobs Challenges: Lower BTU value Lower density/higher moisture content Competing uses Short-term vendor contracts Uncertain availability Handling challenges Landfill Gas Benefits: Can be co-fired Can be used 24 hours/day Extremely low cost Carbon reduction benefits Challenges: Lower BTU value May need to be cleaned Location specific Solar (Electric and Thermal) Benefits: No fuel costs Carbon free Can be distributed near the user Thermal is low cost Creates local jobs Challenges: Not dispatchable Intermittent resource PV is still expensive compared with conventional fuels Minimal impact to winter peak Natural Gas Coal and Landfill Gas Summer Peak Day PV Contribution Biomass Co-Firing Opportunities Biogas Opportunities Summer Peak Day with Renewables Winter Peak Day Winter Peak Day with Renewables PV Contribution Biogas Opportunities Biomass Co-Firing Opportunities A Bal