Electrochemistry - UML：电化学- UML.pptVIP

Electrochemistry The Study of the Interchange of Chemical and Electrical Energy Galvanic or Voltaic Cells The reactants and products of some oxidation-reduction reactions can be physically separated so that the electron transfer can only occur via a wire. The device or apparatus that is used to convert chemical energy to electrical energy is called galvanic (or voltaic) cell. Galvanic or Voltaic Cells As the electrical current passes through the wire, it can be used to run a device, such as a motor, light bulb, voltmeter, etc. As a result, the electrochemical reaction can be used to provide useful work. Reaction of Zn with Cu2+ Reaction of Zn with Cu2+ Reaction of Zn with Cu2+ As the reaction proceeds, a thin black layer of Cu is formed on the zinc surface. The blue color of the Cu2+ ion fades as it is reduced. Reaction of Zn with Cu2+ Galvanic Cells In the galvanic cell for the reaction, the oxidizing reagent (Cu2+) and the reducing agent (Zn) are physically separated into two half-cells. The overall net-ionic equation for the reaction is: Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) ? Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) Galvanic Cells Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) ? Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) The half-reactions are: Zn(s) ? Zn2+(aq) + 2 e- (oxidation) Cu2+(aq) + 2 e- ? Cu(s) (reduction) Galvanic Cells In galvanic cells, the components of two half-reactions are physically separated into two beakers. The two beakers can then be connected by a wire and a salt bridge so that the electron transfer can occur. Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) ? Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) The half-reactions are: Zn(s) ? Zn2+(aq) + 2 e- (oxidation) Cu2+(aq) + 2 e- ? Cu(s) (reduction) One half-cell will contain metallic Zn in a solution of zinc ion, and the other half-cell will contain metallic copper in a solution of copper (II) ion. Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) ? Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) Zn(s) ? Zn2+(aq) + 2 e- (oxidation) Oxidation takes place at the anode, so the strip of zinc metal will serve as the anode. It will be immersed in an aqueou