Rotation Torque, Rolling, amp; Angular Momentum旋转扭矩，滚动，amp；角动量.pptVIP

RotationTorque, Rolling, Angular Momentum (Chapters 10 11, p.241-304) Rotation: Terminology Axis of rotation- the line/axis around which an object spins r – the radius of a spinning thing ? (theta) – a variable for the angle that something has rotated through s – a variable for the linear distance (arc length) that an object at radius “r” would spin through ? - angular velocity (the angle-that-is-rotated-through per unit-of-time: radians/second) ? - angular acceleration (change in angular-velocity per unit-of-time: radians/second^2) v – “linear” (or “tangential”) velocity T - period (the time needed for object to rotate back to “start angle”) K – as always, the “Kinetic energy” I – rotational inertia (somewhat analogous to typical, linear inertia) T - torque (a sort of “rotational force”) W – work P – power l – angular momentum The Basics of Rotation 1 rev=360?=2π radians Instantaneous angular velocity is derivative of function for angular position: ?(t) Angular acceleration is the derivative of velocity: ?(t) The same acceleration-a/displacement-d/velocity-v equations (from kinematics) are used for ?/?/? s (the arc length) = ?r …taking the derivative of above: v=?r, and a=?r Using centripetal equations (acentripetal / radial=v2/r) and v=?r, we get: aradial=?2r Energy in Rotation Kinetic Energy= ?I?2 Every rotating particle has an “I” equal to its-mass times its-radius-from-the-axis …thus a big object’s “I” is the integral of its particles: I=∫r2dm (all the infinitesimally small masses, times each’s radius-from-axis) If you know “I” for an object when it spins around a certain axis that goes through the center-of-mass, BUT it is spinning around a new, different axis (that happens to be parallel to the old one)… Inew=Iorig+(mobject)(distance-between-axes) Rotational Forces (Torque), Work, and Power Net Torque = I? (sort of like F=ma) Just as work=F*Δx=∫Fdx,