DATA AND STATISTICS - Highline Community College数据统计-海澜社区学院.pptVIP

Data Acquisition Considerations Time Requirement Cost of Acquisition Data Errors Searching for information can be time consuming. Information may no longer be useful by the time it is available. Organizations often charge for information even when it is not their primary business activity. Using any data that happen to be available or were acquired with little care can lead to misleading information. Descriptive Statistics Descriptive statistics are the tabular, graphical, and numerical methods used to summarize and present data. Define Statistics: The Art And Science Of Collecting, Analyzing, Presenting, And Interpreting Data. Example: Hudson Auto Repair The manager of Hudson Auto would like to have better understanding of the cost of parts used in the engine tune-ups performed in the shop. She examines 50 customer invoices for tune-ups. The costs of parts, rounded to the nearest dollar, are listed on the next slide. Example: Hudson Auto Repair Sample of Parts Cost ($) for 50 Tune-ups Tabular Summary: Frequency and Percent Frequency 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 100-109 2 13 16 7 7 5 50 4 26 32 14 14 10 100 (2/50)100 Parts Cost ($) Parts Frequency Percent Frequency Example: Hudson Auto Graphical Summary: Histogram 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Parts Cost ($) Frequency 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 100-110 Tune-up Parts Cost Example: Hudson Auto Numerical Descriptive Statistics Hudson’s average cost of parts, based on the 50 tune-ups studied, is $79 (found by summing the 50 cost values and then dividing by 50). The most common numerical descriptive statistic is the average (or mean). Statistical Inference Population Sample Statistical inference Census Sample survey - the set of all elements of interest in a particular s