100308第八章_污染场地补救处理(双语).pptVIP

Chapter 8 Remediation of Contaminated Sites Many petroleum industry sites have been contaminated from previous activities or can become contaminated through accidental releases of various materials. In many cases, remediation/补救或治理 will be required to restore the impacted area. Sites that require remediation include old reserves pits, onshore release sites of hydrocarbons or contaminated water, and the places where oil slicks/漂浮 from offshore releases are blown onshore. Unfortunately, the complex pore structure and fluid transport pathways of soil can make remediation difficult. Because of the complex distribution of contaminants in soil, a comprehensive site evaluation may be required before the optimum remediation process can be selected and properly implemented. 8.1 Site Assessment An important process in the cleanup of contaminated sites is to assess their potential to impact human health and the environment before remediation begins. A site assessment is the first step in determining what remediation method is to be used, if any/即便要. Site assessments are normally conducted in stages. The first stage is to gather all relevant background information about the site. This includes reviewing available records and reports and may include interviewing site personnel. Form this information, the magnitude/（排放的）量 and composition of the release is estimated. The next stage is to characterize the site. The purpose of site characterization is to determine the exact locations, contaminant concentrations, and extent/范围 of the contaminated zone and to evaluate the potential for the contaminants to migrate from the site. Depending on the magnitude of the release and its potential for environmental impact, a risk assessment study may be need. A risk assessment study would quantify the potential environmental impact of the various remediation processes being considered, and the results could be used when negotiating/商谈 the specific details of a