七年制临床医学专业病毒各论和真菌学.docVIP

Individual Virology Chapter 26 Respiratory viruses In acute infection of respiratory tract, 90%-95%of cases are caused by viruses. Characteristic properties of common respiratory viruses Viruses Nucleic acid Diseases Influenza virus -ssRNA segmented Influenza Measles virus –ssRNA measles (SSPE) Mumps virus -ssRNA mumps Parainfluenza virus -ssRNA Common cold，croup Adenovirus dsDNA Pharyngites, pneumonia Rubella virus +ssRNA rubella(congnital malformations) Respiratory syncytial -ssRNA bronchiolitis, pneumonia virus (the most important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and yong children) Rhino virus +ssRNA Common cold Coronavirus +ssRNA Common cold SARSCoV +ssRNA SARS Section 1 Influenza virus Comprises influenza A,B and C, viruses. Influenza A viruses can infect a variety of different species (aquatic birds, chickens, horses etc) and can cause worldwide epidemics of influenza (occur approximately every 10-20 years). Influenza B only infects humans and can cause major outbreaks of influenza. Influenza C mainly infects humans and can cause mild respiratory tract infections ,but does not cause outbreaks of influenza Ⅰ. Biological Characteristics 1. Morphology and structure Spherical, 100-120nm in diameter, enveloped, spikes 1)core: -ssRNA, segmented (7- 8 pieces ) 2) NP: surround and bind the RNA, type-specific, stable. 3) envelope: M1、M2 protein, lipid bilayer membrane 4）spikes：HA、NA Hemagglutinin ( HA ) 2units: HA1 and HA2 * agglutinate human and some animal RBC * be related to the adsorption of viruses (cell receptor : neuraminic acid ) * antigenicity: show grea