化工专业英语（河北科技大学）unit 5 lesson 2.pptVIP

Unit 5 (2) Fluidised Bed Catalytic Cracking The existence of a large surplus剩余,过剩of high boiling material after the distillation of crude oil原油led to the introduction of a cracking process to convert these materials into转变 compounds of lower molecular weight分子量and lower boiling point-in particular into petroleum spirit汽油. 原油精馏后剩余大量的高沸点物质，这就引出了一个裂化过程：将这些物质变为低分子量和低沸点的化合物-尤其是汽油。 The cracking was carried out using a fixed catalyst, but local variation局部变动in temperature in the bed led to a relatively inefficient效率低的process, and the deposition of carbon on the surface of the catalyst particles necessitated成为必要taking the catalyst bed out of service取下不用periodically周期性地，定期地so that the carbon could be burned off烧掉, 蒸发. 裂化以前在固定催化床上进行，但床层内局部温度的变化会导致过程效率较低，因此应该定期停用催化剂床，以便使沉积在催化剂颗粒表面的炭燃烧掉。 Many of these difficulties are obviated消除，排除，避免by the use of fluidized catalyst, since it is possible continuously to remove catalyst from the reaction vessel and to supply regenerated再生的,新生的catalyst to the plant. 如果使用流态化催化剂，由于它可以连续从反应器中移走催化剂并向设备中补充再生好的催化剂，多数这种困难就可以避免。 The high heat transfer coefficients传热系数for fluidized systems account for引起 the very uniform temperatures within the reactors and make it possible to control conditions very closely精确地，精密地. 流化系统中较高的传热系数使反应器内的温度非常均匀，使得精确控制反应条件成为可能。 The fluidized system has one serious drawback缺点, 障碍: some longitudinal纵向的，轴向的mixing occurs and this gives rise to引起, 使发生a number of若干; 许多side reactions副反应，副作用. 流化系统有一个严重的不足，会出现纵向混合而引起一些副反应。 The catalytic cracking催化裂化process is an example. Hot oil vapour containing the required amount of regenerated catalyst, is introduced into引进the reactor which is at a uniform temperature of about 775K. 催化裂化过程就是一个例子，含有所需再生催化剂量的热油蒸汽，进入温度约为775K的等温反应器中。 As the velocity of the vapour falls in the reactor, because of the greater cross-sectional area横截面积for flow, a fluidized bed is formed and the solid particles are maintained in suspension. 由于在反应器内流动的横截面积加大，蒸汽流速降低，于是就形成了流化床，固体颗粒保持悬浮状态。 The vapours escape from the top