初中语法讲解系列(附练习)——名词.docVIP

名词 一、名词数的分类（可数名词[C]与不可数名词[U]) 1、[C]与[U]的辨别 （1）[C]有单、复数形式，而[U]只有单数形式 [C]分为个体名词（如apple，desk）和集体名词（如family，group） [U]分为抽象名词（行为、品质、感情、状态）和物质名词（如water，milk） （2）不定冠词、基数词可直接修饰[C]，表数量；而[U]表数量时用“不定冠词/基数词+单位名词+of+[U]” （3）[C]用many，a few，few，several修饰；[U]用much，little，a little修饰。some和any二者皆可修饰 2、[C]复数变化规则 （1）规则变化 ①一般加-s②以s，x，ch，sh结尾，加-es③以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-es④以f，fe结尾，直接加-s，或把f，fe变为v再加-es⑤以o结尾，有生命加-es，无生命加-s （2）不规则变化 ①变内部元音man-men，foot-feet②完全不规则mouse-mice③单复数同形fish，sheep，deer，Chinese （3）合成名词的复数形式 ①一般只变主体词girl student-girl students②由man和woman构成的合成名词，则全都变man driver-men drivers 二、名词所有格 1、s所有格 （1）普通单数名词，直接加s （2）词尾已有-s的复数名词，只加 （3）词尾不带-s的复数名词，直接加s （4）表示共有的所有关系，最后一个词加s （5）表示各自的所有关系，每个词尾加s （6）表示某人家、店铺、办公室，词尾加s，省略其后名词 2、of所有格 名词+of+名词 3、双重所有格 of+名词s 或 of+名词性物主代词 三、名词的用法（主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语） Mother isnt at home. We consider his brother a clever boy. The school library was built last year. Mr Wang, our English teacher, is very knowledgeable. 课堂练习 My mother is a nurse,. She works in a famous h . My h is collecting stamps. I have collected thousands of stamps. Kanas Lake is a very beautiful place. A large number of （旅游者）come here to enjoy themselves every year. Look, Mum! All the boxes in the room are filled with （蔬菜）. Your parents are your f and mother. If theres something wrong with your teeth, youd better to see a d . Miss Qin is a good t . She teaches English well. Now every day a lot of p （乘客）are carried to the World Expo Garden by underground in Shanghai. They have invited a (science) to give them a speech on space. We do lots of outdoor (active) when spring comes. There are more (sheep) in Australia than in Japan. It is a good habit to brush your (tooth) after each meal. —Mum, today is your day, the Womens Day. Here are some (flower) for you. —Its very thoughtful of you. Th