感觉疼痛睡眠.pptVIP

3. released from slice of brain regions into the synaptic cleft in vitro. 4. produces effects on target neurons when applied to their membrance by mesns of a micropipette (微电泳). 5.The agonist can produce the same effects;but antagonist can block the role of transmitters. Reflex Concept: A reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus, carried out by a relatively simple neuronal network. Form: Unconditioned reflex, Conditioned reflex Unconditioned reflex : protective reflex; feeding reflex; sexual reflex Conditioned reflexes a. form: classic conditioned reflex, electrocortical conditioning, operant conditioning b. mechanism: a functional pathway is developed during the conditioning period. notes: conditioned stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, internal and external inhibition, positive and negative reinforcement, habituation Reflex Arc Sensory Function Of Nervous System Posterior column pathway Step 1: The touch and proprioception impulses reach the spinal cord through the dorsal roots of spial nerves. Inside the spinal cord,the axons asend in the dorsal column to the mudulla. Step 2:They synapse in the gracile and cuneate nuclei in the mudulla,and the axon of the nerves in these nucleis cross over to the opposite side of the brain stem and asend to the thalamus. Lateral ventral spino-thamic tracts 1.The pain and tempreture fibers that enter the dorsal columns pass to the dorsal horn, where the fibers synapse on second-order neurons. 2.The axons from these neurons cross the midline and asend in the anterolateral column of the spinal cord to the thalamus,and synapse on the specific sensory relay nuclei of the thalamus. 3. There is a major input from the anterolateral system into the mesencephalic reticular formation.Thus sensory input activities the reticular activitiny system,which in return maintains the cortex in the alert atate. Lateral ventral spino-thamic tracts Thalamus All sensory informations enter the thalamus before transmiss