罗涛《专业英语教学》15.body structure1.pdfVIP

Body Structure Zhengbu liao The Department of Neursurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chapter Contents • Directional Terms • Body Cavities • Body Regions • Positions • Word Parts Pertaining to Body Structure • Labeling Exercises • Chapter Review • Case Study • Answer Section Objectives After study of this chapter you should be able to: 1. Define the main directional terms used in anatomy. 2. Describe division of the body along three different planes. 3. Locate the dorsal and ventral body cavities. 4. Locate the nine divisions of the abdomen. 5. Locate the four quadrants of the abdomen. 6. Describe the main body positions used in medical practice. 7. Define basic terms describing body structure. 8. Recognize and use roots pertaining to body regions. 9. Recognize and use prefixes pertaining to position and direction. 10. Analyze terms pertaining to body structure in case studies. • Directional Terms In describing the location or direction of a given point in the body, it is always assumed that the subject is in the anatomical position, that is, upright, with face front, arms at the sides with palms forward, and feet parallel, as shown in the small diagram in Figure 5-1. In this stance, the terms illustrated in Figure 5-1 and listed in Display 5-1 are used to designate relative position. Figure 5-2 illustrates planes of section, that is, directions in which the body can be cut. A frontal plane, also called a coronal plane, is made at right angles to the midline and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. A sagittal (SAJ-i-tal) plane passes from front to back and divides the body into right and left portions. If the plane passes through the midline, it is a midsagittal or medial plane. A transverse plane passes horizontally, dividing the bo