不同形貌铅锑硫族化合物纳米材料的可控制备及电学性能-化学工程与技术专业论文 word格式.docx

以葡萄糖（柠檬酸）为表面活性剂制备了分级结构Sb2Se3和Sb2Te3晶体。研究发现，葡萄糖和柠檬酸在Sb2Se3和Sb2Te3的形成过程中起到了至关重要的作用。在反应体系中，葡萄糖和柠檬酸作为表面活性剂吸附在Sb2Se3和Sb2Te3的晶核上，且在葡萄糖和柠檬酸中氢键以及静电的相互作用下纳米粒子发生相互聚集；同时表面活性剂分子能够吸附在某些晶面上限制了晶面的生长，从而形成具有分级结构的Sb2Se3和Sb2Te3晶体。电学性能测试发现，Sb2Se3样品的Seebeck系数和形貌有关，蠕虫状形貌的Sb2Se3样品Seebeck系数最高，在350K时可达1400μV/K。而Sb2Te3样品的Seebeck系数和电导率则与样品尺寸有较大关系。表现为尺寸较大的样品具有较大电导率，但却具有较小的Seebeck系数。关键词：纳米热电材料；铅锑硫族化合物；电学性能；取向连接；自组装；异向生长AbstractThermoelectricmaterialsisakindofspecialfunctionalmaterialwhichcanconverttheheatsourceintoelectricitydirectly.Bymeansofthermoelectricdevices,thewasteheatcomingfromthecombustionoffossilfuelcanberecycled,andthentheutilizationcanbeenhanced.However,duetothelowthermoelectricfigureofmerit,thethermoelectricmaterialsarestillfarwayfrompracticalapplication.Thus,theenhancementofthethermoelectricfigureofmeritisthekeypointinthefieldofthermoelectricmaterials.Theoreticalsimulationsandexperimentalresultsindicatethatthethermoelectricperformancewillberemarkblyenhancedinlowdimensionalsystem.Leadandantimonychalcogenideshavebeenattractedmuchattentionbecauseoftheirhighthermoelectricperformances.Inthispaper,theleadandantimonychalcogenideswereselectedastheresearchobjects,andtheleadandantimonychalcogenidesnanomaterialswithdifferentmorphologieswerefabricatedandtheformationmechanismsandelectricalpropertieswerestudiedbyX-raydiffraction,scaningelectronmicroscope,Transmissionelectronmicroscopeandelectricalpropertytestingsystem.Withoutusinganytemplateandsurfactant,leadsulfidenanorodwaspreparedtheformationmechanismwasinvestigatedindetail.Andwediscoveredthatthenanorodswerecomposedofnanocubesthroughanorientedattachmentprocess.Byusingtelluriumandsodiumhydroxideasprecursors,thecore-shellstructuralPbS/PbTenanorodswerefabricatedviaahydrothermalroute.Theelectricalpropertiesoftheobtainedsampleswereinvestigatedbyaself-desinedthermoelectrictestsystem,andtheresultsindicatedthatthecore-shellstructuralPbS/PbTenanorodshavethehigherpowerfactorscomparedwiththatofpurephasePbS.Meanwhile,thethermoelectricpropertiesofPbS/Pb