ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF PHOTONS文档.ppt

* (III)Pitch-Fork Hologram Ref. PHD_2011 B.Jack Making helical phasefronts B2. Hologram Modulator: phase and intensity * Making helical phasefronts B3. Q-Plate Another method for generating OAM is based on the SAM-OAM coupling that may occur in a medium which is both anisotropic and inhomogeneous. In particular, the so-called q-plate is a device, currently realized using liquid crystals, polymers or sub-wavelength gratings, which can generate OAM by exploiting a SAM sign-change. In this case, the OAM sign is controlled by the input polarization.[12][13] [12] Phys. Rev. Lett. 96,163905 [13]Applied Physics Letters 94 (23): 231124 * Making helical phasefronts B4. Cylindrical Mode Converters OAM can also be generated by converting Hermite-Gaussian beams into the Laguerre-Gaussian ones by using an astigmatic system with two well-aligned cylindrical lenses placed at a specific distance (see figure) in order to introduce a well-defined relative phase between horizontal and vertical Hermite-Gauss beams.[14] [14] Phys. Rev. A 45 (11): 8185–8189 * Outline Getting started on Orbital Angular Momentum of Light Making helical phasefronts Application Conclusions * Application 1.Orientational manipulation of particles or particle aggregates in optical tweezers[15] 2.High-bandwidth information encoding in free-space optical communication [16] 3.Higher-dimensional quantum information encoding, for possible future quantum cryptography or quantum computation applications[17] 4. Sensitive optical detection [18] [15]Phys. Rev. A 54 (2): 1593–1596 [16]Optics Express 12 (22): 5448–56 [17]Nature Physics 4 (4): 282 [18]Optics Letters 30 (24): 3308–10 C1. Introduction * Application C2. Merits Qunits (sometimes qudits) The most immediate advantage is given by the availability of a larger “alphabet,” consisting of the various OAM states. Higher-dimensional quantum systems are also known to improve the level of security in quantum cryptography under the presence of noise , a