牙周病学精品教学（中山大学）1.牙周总论.pptVIP

* * * * * * * An individual may have increased susceptibility due to different factors; Gene polymorphisms associated with increased susceptibility may be quiet heterogeneous; An individual with increased susceptibility may be influenced by multiple genes (major effect genes, minor effect genes). * Pathogenesis of Periodontitis * Dental Plaque ---- Initiator It was found through epidemiologic studies that the severity of gingivitis and the amount of alveolar bone loss were positively related to the amount of dental plaque. The clinical studies indicated that removing dental plaque mechanically and chemically is the effective way to treat periodontal diseases. * Dental Plaque ---- Initiator Dental plaque can be defined as the soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surfaces in the oral cavity , including removable and fixed restorations. Supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque * What is dental plaque? * Dental Plaque Formation of the dental pellicle All surfaces of the oral cavity are coated with a glycoprotein pellicle Pellicle forms by selective adsorption of the environmental macromolecules Pellicle function as a protective barrier, providing lubrication and preventing tissue desiccation Initial colonization of the tooth surface The initial colonizer are gram+ facultative bacteria The plaque mass then mature through the growth of attached species Secondary colonization and plaque maturation Secondary colonizers are the microorganisms that do not initially colonize clean tooth surfaces * Formation of Dental Plaque Plaque Periodontal Disease Microbial Specificity of Periodontal Diseases Nonspecific Plaque Hypothesis Specific Plaque Hypothesis * In the mid-1900s, periodotnal disease was believed to result from an accumulation of plaque over time in conjunction with a diminished host response and increased host susceptibility with age Some individuals with considerable amounts o