Syntax句法.pptVIP

Chapter Four;Outline ;4.1 Definition;4.2.1 Major lexical categories and minor lexical categories: Examples of some lexical categories;4.2.2 Tree criteria;4.3 Phrase categories;4.4 Phrase structure rule;;4.4.4 Coordination rule;4.4.5 Phrase elements;Examples of some As, Ns, and Ps permitting CP complements (CP = Complement Phrase);Modifiers: Modifier position in English;4. 5 Sentences (The S rule);4.6 Transformations;;Do insertion;Further illustration;;4.6.4 Wh Movement;4.6.5 Move α and constrains on transformations; (2)No element may be removed from a coordinate structure. The little girl will tell us [a story or a joke]. * What will the little girl tell us [a story or ]? 4.7 Summary In this part introduced word categories and phrase categories.Then do some analyses of sentence formation: phrase structure rules, deep structure subcategorization, transformations, and surface structure, etc. which enables to combine words into sentences in endlessly novel way.;4.7 Task Do the following as required in groups of four or five: The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb, an adjective, a preposition or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence. You know that I hate war. He said that Tom asked whether the class was over. Gerry can’t believe the fact that Anna flunked the English exam. Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce. The children argued over whether bats had wings.;Each of the following sentences contains a relative clause. Draw the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of these sentences. The essay that he wrote was too long. ]The dog that he keeps bites Herbert found the man she loved. The girl whom he often quarrels with majors in linguistics.;The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure of each of these sentences. Would you come tomorrow? Can you pas