霍桑_红字作者及作品简介.pptVIP

——纳撒尼尔?霍桑 作者介绍 故事简介 名家鉴赏 Author Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) is one of the most influential writers in America in the 19th century. His novel The Scarlet Letter published in 1850 ensures his permanent fame inliterature. Hawthorne was born in Salem,Massachusetts Some of his ancestor were men of prominence in the puritan theocracy. One of his ancestor was a colonial magistrate, notorious for his part in the persecution of Quakers,and another was a judge at Salem Witchcraft Trail in 1692. Gradually,the family fortune declined. Hawthorne was intensely conscious of the wrongdoing of his ancestors, and this awareness led to his understanding of evil being at the core of human life, so he seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in his life 　 纳撒尼尔·霍桑(1804—1864）是美国19世纪影响最大的浪漫主义小说家和心理小说家。霍桑对当时美国社会道德论丧和资产阶级的伪善不满，但是他又不想从根本上改变不合理的社会制度，只谋求社会道德的改进，宣扬上帝，主张道德的自我完善。 霍桑由于社会、家庭及自身的因素，形成了既为清教主义等旧观念所萦绕，又抱有人道主义等美好理想的复杂的世界观。他一方面摆脱不掉“原罪”、“赎罪”、“内省”、“命定”之类的宗教迷信，但又从家族的负罪感出发，反过来对清教的专制统治痛心疾首；他一方面接受了超验主义哲学观，相信客观的物质世界只是某种隐蔽的神秘力量的象征，又对当时风靡的“招魂”之类的巫术活动和科学技术的新发明同样感到不可思议；他一方面对新生的合众国满怀希望，但对社会上形形色色的腐化堕落及不平不公的原因又十分费解，便只好到人性的爱与恨、善与恶中去寻找答案。 1804年7月4日生于马萨诸塞州塞勒姆镇一个没落世家，4岁丧父，1821年由亲戚资助进入博多因学院。1825年毕业后回到塞勒姆从事写作。 1836年和1846年两度在海关任职 ，1841年参加超验主义者创办的布鲁克农场。1842年后结识了作家爱默生、梭罗等。1848年因政府更迭失去海关职位，后专心写作，完成了他最重要的长篇小说《红字》。 1853年被任命为驻英国利物浦的领事 。1857年后他侨居意大利，创作了另一部探讨善恶问题的小说《玉石雕像》。此后他回国定居康科德，1864年去世时留下4部未完成的长篇小说。 The Scarlet Letter 《红字》 Fanshawe 《范肖》 Young Goodman Brown 《小伙子布朗》 Rappaccinis Daughter《拉伯西尼医生的女儿》 Mosses from an Old Manse《古宅青苔》 The House of the Seven Gables《带七个尖顶的 阁楼》 The Blithedale Romance 《福古传奇》 The Snow Image《雪影》 The Celestial Railroad《通天铁路》 The Marble Faun《石像人面》 Major Themes of His Works Sin and Evil History and Antiquity Alienation - a character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both. Puritan New England - used as a background and setting in many tales. Other themes include individual vs.