ADI AN347屏蔽与接地.docVIP

屏蔽与接地对干扰型噪声的处理方法及其原理正文：[001]This is the second of two articles dealing with interference noise. In the last issue of Analog Dialogue (Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 16-19), we discussed the nature of interference, described the relationship between sources, coupling channels, and receivers, and considered means of combating interference in systems by reducing or eliminating one of those three elements.本文是关于干扰型噪声处理方法的两篇论文的第2篇。第一篇已发表在《Analog Dialogue》上（见该杂志第16卷第3部分16至19页），该文剖析了干扰源、干扰耦合路径以及干扰接收方三个环节间的关系，并从选择三个环节中的某一个加以治理的角度，介绍了对付干扰型噪声的方法。[002]One of the means of reducing noise coupling is shielding. Our purpose in this article is to describe the correct uses of shielding to reduce noise. The major topics we will discuss include noise due to capacitive coupling, noise due to magnetic coupling, and driven shields and guards. A set of guidelines will be included, with do#146;s and don#146;ts.屏蔽技术可以降低信号传输时耦合进来的噪声。本文的主体是介绍如何正确地利用屏蔽来降低噪声，接下来将从电容耦合噪声、磁耦合噪声和有源屏蔽与防护罩三个方面分别展开论述，同时将给出几套设计准则，指明哪些该做，哪些不该做。[003]From the outset, it should be noted that shielding problems are always rational and do not involve the occult; but they are not always straightforward. Each problem must be analyzed carefully. It is important first to identify the noise source, the receiver, and the coupling medium. Improper shielding and grounding, based on faulty identification of any of these elements, may only make matters worse or create a new problem.首先需要明确：虽然屏蔽设计总是可以借助理论来进行，并不神秘，但是，在处理实际问题时不能生搬硬套，而要注意具体问题要具体分析。分析的第一步最重要，即确定噪声源、接收方和耦合介质。这一步如果判断错误，屏蔽和接地设计就会出错，最后的效果可能适得其反，甚至节外生枝。[004]You can think of shielding as serving two purposes. First, shielding can be used to confine noise to a small region; this will prevent noise from extending its reach and getting into a nearby critical circuit. However, the problem with such shields is that noise captured by the shield can still cause problems if the return path the noise takes is not carefully planned and implemented by understanding of the ground syste