微观经济学现代观点7单元.pptVIP

完全互补的生产函数： Cobb-Douglas 生产函数 The Cobb-Douglas 技术的规模报酬是 （1）不变 若 a1+ … + an = 1 The Cobb-Douglas技术的规模报酬是（1）不变 若 a1+ … + an = 1（2）递增 若 a1+ … + an 1 The Cobb-Douglas技术的规模报酬是 （1）不变（constant） if a1+ … + an = 1（2）递增 increasing if a1+ … + an 1（3）递减 decreasing if a1+ … + an 1. Returns-to-Scale 问:当某生产函数的所有投入是边际产品递减的情况下该生产技术能显示出规模报酬递增吗？ Returns-to-Scale 问:当某生产函数的所有投入是边际产品递减的情况下该生产技术能显示出规模报酬递增吗？ 答: 是的 例如 Returns-to-Scale 因此该技术是规模报酬递增的 Returns-to-Scale 因此该技术是规模报酬递增的 But diminishes as x1 increases Returns-to-Scale so this technology exhibitsincreasing returns-to-scale. But diminishes as x1 increases and diminishes as x2 increases. 讨论：为什么？ （5）长期和短期 The Long-Run and the Short-Runs  The Long-Run and the Short-Runs 长期和短期的含义： The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x2 x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x2 x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x2 x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x2 x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x2 x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x2 x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x2 x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x2 x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x2 x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x2 x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x1 y The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x1 y Four short-run production functions. The Long-Run and the Short-Runs is the long-run productionfunction (both x1 and x2 are variable). The short-run production function whenx2 o 1 is The short-run production function when x2 o 10 is The Long-Run and the Short-Runs x1 y Four short-run production functions. （6）Cobb-Douglas生产函数 A、模型： C、其他形状的等产量曲线 K L 固定比例的生产技术 A fixed-proportions production function is of the form E.g.with Fixed-Proportions Technologies x2 x1 min{x1,2x2} = 14 4 8 14 2 4 7 min{x1,2x2} = 8 min{x1,2x2} = 4 x1 = 2x2 其他形状的等到产量曲线（续） K L 完全替代的生产技术 A perfect-substitutes production function is of the form E.g.with Perfect-Substitution Technologies 9 3 18 6 24 8