钙钛矿太阳能电池在水解制取氢气上的应用介绍.ppt

Logo Logo Perovskite Solar Cells for the Generation of Fuels from Sunlight Wang W.P. 2016-10-20 Logo General Introduction Outline 1 Photovoltaic-Driven Water Splitting 2 CO2 Reduction 3 Discussion and Perspective 4 1. General Introduction 1.1 Energy Demand, Global Warming, and the Need for Storage Energy supply Air pollution Climate change unbalanced distribution World total energy consumption: 15 TW(2015)--30 TW(2050) Clean and renewable energy sources: Solar energy Storage? Lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors : Expensive Chemicals fuels : Carbohydrate Series/ DC–DC power converter CO2 reduction: five conventional cells 1.2 Advantages of Perovskite as Light Harvesters for Solar Fuel Generation Only devices generating sufficient Voc for driving the complete reaction can achieve nonzero ef?ciencies. Advantages of perovskite light harvesters: Intrinsic high Voc and bandgap tunability 2 Perovskite Photovoltaic (PV) 2.1 One Cell-Driven Water Splitting Only large bandgap oxides show efficiencies with one cell Effciencies are very low Hypothetical single-PV photoelectrolysis device As the open-circuit voltage of a single perovskite solar cell can be larger than 1.23 V, it is conceivable that, for a system using efficient electrocatalysts to minimize the overpotential, one cell could drive overall water splitting CH3NH3PbI3 (1.5 eV) , CH3NH3PbBr3(2.3 eV) 2.1 One Cell-Driven Water Splitting Voc = 1.5 V PCE = 10.4 % One cell with high open-circuit voltage 2.1 One Cell-Driven Water Splitting Based on ef?cient Earth-abundant electrocatalysts reported in the literature, which can reach 20 mAcm?2 current density at a voltage lower than 1.5 V for overall water splitting Solar to hydrogen conversion ef?ciency 10%? OR 2.2 Two in Series Connected Perovskite Cell ONE CELL Extremely low overpotential Fuctuation in real sunlight TWO CELLs This is the ?rst time that ef?ciency over 10 % has been achieved with low-cost light harvesters and Earth