英语课程教学论考试重点.doc

Unit 1 Language and Language Learning 语言和语言学习 Views on language 有关语言的观点 Different views on language generate different teaching methodologies. (P2) 不同的语言观产生不同的教学方法。 Three different views of language:三种不同观点的语言: (1). Structural view: language as a system made up of various subsystems: the sound system (phonology); the discrete units of meaning (morphology); the system of combining units of meaning for communication (syntax) (p3) a finite number of such structural items 有限数量的这种结构性产品 结构语言理论:语言作为一个系统由各种子系统:音响系统(语音);离散单元的意义(形态);对通信相结合的系统单位的意义(语法) (2). Functional view: Language is not only a linguistic system but also a means for doing things. 功能观:语言不仅是一种语言系统,但也做事情的一种方式。 (3). Interactional view: language as a communicative tool to build up and maintain social relations between people. (p3) 交互语言理论:语言作为一种交际工具来建立和维护人们之间的社会关系。 Views on language learning and learning in general 语言学习观和学习 两类理论：Process-oriented theories and Condition-oriented theories (1). Behaviourist theory: (p5) 行为主义学习理论 面向流程理论和条件理论 behavioural psychologist Skinner; 行为心理学家斯金纳 Watson and Raynor’s theory of conditioning; stimulus, response, and reinforcement; the audio-lingual method; the language is learned by constant repetition and reinforcement of the teacher沃森和雷诺的调节理论,刺激响应,和强化; 听说教学法;语言是不断的重复和强化学习的老师 (2). Cognitive theory: students are asked to think rather than simply repeat; (p5) Noam Chomsky; 乔姆斯基认知学习理论:要求学生想而不是简单的重复; language is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system; there are a finite number of grammatical rules in the system and with a knowledge of these an infinite number of sentences can be produced. 有数量有限的语法规则系统和知识的这些可以生成无限的句子 语言是一个复杂的基于规则的系统语言习得和一个大的部分是这个系统的学习; 乔姆斯基认知语言学 Transformational-Generative (T-G) Grammer 转换生成语法 . Constructivist theory:(P6) Learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already know; 建构主义学习理论:学习是一个过程,学习者建构意义基于自己的经历和已经知道什么; applic