土木工程英语中级水平Safetyofstructures.pptVIP

Lesson Plan Review New Words and Phrases Reading and Translating—Unit Eight Classroom Exercises Review a premature failure by diagonal tension the amount of cracking (width and number of cracks) is proportional to the strain Unit Eight Safety of Structures 单 元 8结构的安全度 The principal purpose of specifications is to provide general principles and computational methods in order to verify safety of structures. The principal purpose of specifications is to provide general principles and computational methods in order to verify safety of structures. 规范的主要目的是提供一般性的设计原理和计算方法，以便验算结构的安全性。 Failure has to be considered not only as overall collapse of the structure but also as unserviceability or, according to a more precise common definition, as the reaching of a ‘limit state’ which causes the construction not to accomplish the task it was designed for. There are two categories of limit state: Failure has to be considered not only as overall collapse of the structure but also as unserviceability or, according to a more precise common definition, as the reaching of a ‘limit state’ which causes the construction not to accomplish the task it was designed for. There are two categories of limit state: 破坏不仅仅指结构的整体破坏，而且还指结构不能正常使用，或者，用更为确切的话来说，把破坏看成是结构已经达到不能继续承担其设计荷载的“极限状态”。在结构设计中，通常有两类极限状态，即： （1）Ultimate limit state, which corresponds to the highest value of the load-bearing capacity. Examples include local buckling or global instability of the structure; failure of some sections and subsequent transformation of the structure into a mechanism; failure by fatigue; elastic or plastic deformation or creep that cause a substantial change of the geometry of the structure; and sensitivity of the structure to alternating loads, to fire and to explosions. （1）Ultimate limit state, which corresponds to the highest value of the load-bearing capacity. Examples include local buckling or g