心理测量Chvalidity合法性.ppt

Chapter 6 Validity §1 Basic Concepts of Validity It tell us what can be inferred from test scores —Anne Anastasi Figure6.1One Funny Picture Validity can be defined as the agreement between a test score or measure and the quality it is believed to measure. — Robert M. Kaplan Dennis P. Saccuzzo Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure? Validity is the evidence for inferences made about a test score. —AERA, APA, NCME STANDARS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING Validity effected by random and systematic errors. Random errors and systematic errors both reduce the accuracy of the test. Mathematic Definition of Validity Comparing Validity with Reliability The reliability of test is low, usually, the validity is low too; The reliability of test is high, the validity isn’t necessarily high. Figure 6.2 Components of the Variance of Observed Scores Reliability is a necessary premise for validity and validity represents the ultimate purpose of the test. Three Types of Validity Criterion-Related Validity Content-Related validity Construct –Related Validity Effect Factors for Validity Test Itself Test Administration and Scoring Examinees The Criterion Chosen for Criterion Validity Effect from test itself The statement of the items is clear or not The items represent the trait measured or not The length of the test is adequate or not The test difficulty is proper or not. … Test administration and scoring Whether the sample is representative, heterogeneous. Wheth