02.翻译过程34588 .ppt

理解就是透彻地了解、懂得、掌握原文所表达的内容和实质，包括词义、句义、段义、语义。没有对原文的全面理解，翻译就无从下手；理解不深不透，译文就不忠不顺。理解必须通览待译文的全文，熟悉全文风貌，掌握内容大意，摸清所涉及的具体人物、事件、背景，搞懂语言现象，辨明逻辑关系。 3．They say a person needs just three things to be truly happy in this world. Someone to love, something to do and something to hope for. 4．He smiled at that, with a rueful curve of his lips, but his eyes were alight with an emotion she was afraid to identify. 表达就是准确地运用各种翻译技巧，以规范的汉语体现原文的内容，从而使所译的东西在内容和形式上成为有机的统一体。表达是理解的继续和升华，表达的好坏取决于对原文的理解的深度及对英语语言掌握的程度。若不能用确切的汉语表达出来，译文则显得别扭生硬，晦涩难懂, 表达也就失去了意义。 译文不仅是供人欣赏和借鉴的“艺术品”，而且是一件很高超的艺术品，是一件用精炼的文字、完美的笔调表达的艺术品。所以，一定要逐字、逐句、逐段地仔细修改，行文造句要讲求语体之美、风格之美、修辞之美，句简词精，使译文多点“神”气。审校就是检查译文有无遗漏丢失、错译误译、前后矛盾、关系混乱、文体逻辑等方面的问题；同时还要润色文字，在译文的“传达”上下功夫，力求用词贴切，文从字顺，增强译语的可读性（readability）。 审校是翻译过程的检查验收过程，是理解与表达的进一步深化，是对原文内容进一步核实及对译文语言文字进一步推敲的阶段，是最终完成翻译任务不可少的一个重要环节。审校全文使译文前后贯通，力求达到译文与原文的总体“复制”效果。审校是使译文符合标准规范不可少的一个阶段。审校通常有初校、复校、定稿三个步骤。 All Londoners who are born within the sound of Bow Bells are called cockneys. 所有土生土长的伦敦人被称为是伦敦佬。 All Londoners，who are born within the sound of Bow Bells, are called cockneys. 所有的伦敦人都是土生土长的，他们都被称为是伦敦佬。 Be good boys． 你们要做好孩子啊！ Be good, boys． 孩子们, 要学乖一些！ Come now. Don’t waste time 勿误时间，现在就来。 Come, now. Don’t waste time. 好的，来吧。不要浪费时间啦! Where is my bookmark？ 我的书签在哪儿？ Where is my book，Mark？ 玛克，我的书在哪儿？ If you want to be slim, don’t eat fast. 要想苗条，那就别吃得太快。 If you want to be slim, don’t eat. Fast! 要想苗条，那就别吃饭，饿着吧！ 下面短文，有三种不同译文，分析比较并说明其翻译特点： As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome. Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days o