徐州工程学院应用化学专业毕业设计(论文).docxVIP

表面活性剂对农药的乳化增溶效应研究及其环境危害性分析摘要目前，农药在保证农业产量方面依然占据至关重要的地位，而我国农药的使用效率低下，这不但造成经济上的损失，而且对环境的污染和危害也日趋加重。利用表面活性剂对农药进行乳化增溶，可有效提高农药的使用效率。本课题主要通过研究表面活性剂成分的体积比对农药的乳化增溶效应的影响来筛选出最适合乳化剂。实验发现，十二烷基苯磺酸钙和苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚构成的乳化剂的乳化效果与其亲水亲油平衡值（HLB值）有直接关系，当乳化剂HLB值与对应农药所需HLB值相适应的时候，其乳化效果最好。此外，环境温度、乳化剂的分子结构等也会影响乳化剂乳化效果。本论文结果对于提高农药的增溶乳化性能、降低其环境危害性具有重要的参考价值。关键词：农药；表面活性剂；亲水亲油平衡值；乳化；增溶SOLUBILIZATION AND EMULSION EFFECT OF SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT ON PESTICIDE AND THE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD AbstractAt present, the pesticide in ensuring agricultural output still occupy the important position, while Chinas pesticide use efficiency is low, this will not only cause economic loss, but also the pollution and harm to the environment are becoming increasingly aggravated. Agent of pesticide emulsion solubilization by surface activity, can effectively improve the efficiency of the use of pesticides. This topic mainly by influencing the volume ratio of emulsion solubilization effect of surfactant components of the pesticide to identify the most suitable emulsifier. The experimental findings, the emulsification effect twelve calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate and styrylphenol polyoxyethylene ether of emulsifier and hydrophilic lipophilic balance number (HLB value) has a direct relationship, when emulsifier HLB value and the corresponding HLB value of pesticide required when fit, the best emulsifying effect. In addition, environmental temperature, emulsifier molecule structure will also affect the emulsifying effect. The results in the paper to improve the performance, reduce the solubilization emulsification pesticide environmental damage has an important reference.Keywords：PesticidesSurface active agentHydrophilic lipophilic balance number EmulsionSolubilization目 录1 绪论11.1表面活性剂11.1.1表面活性剂的分类11.1.2 关于表面活性剂亲水-亲油性的平衡与性质的联系21.1.3阴离子表面活性剂31.1.4非离子表面活性剂31.1.5十二烷基苯磺酸钙41.1.6 苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚41.2农药51.3 表面活性剂的乳化作用61.3.1乳化剂和乳状液61.3.2乳状液的鉴别61.3.3乳状液的制备和乳状液的稳定性71.4 本论文的主要内容与创新点82 实验部分92.1实验仪器和设备92.2 实验试剂92.3 实验方法92.4实验步