英美国家相关文化知识概况unit 4 USPolitical_System.ppt

Qualifications for a US President A natural-born American citizen at least 35 years old. Candidates for the Presidency are chosen by political parties before the presidential election Executive powers Issue（发布） rules, regulations and instructions, called executive orders. the Commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Legislative powers issue bills and political orders veto any bill passed by Congress and, unless 2/3 in each house vote to override the veto, the bill does not become law. Presidential Powers Powers in foreign affairs relations with foreign nations. He appoints ambassadors and receives foreign ambassadors and other public officials. Judicial powers to give reprieves（缓刑） and pardons（赦免） in federal criminal cases. influence the judicial system by appointing federal judges and Supreme Court justices Presidential Powers The Executive Departments The President The Cabinet The Vice-president 15 departments State Dept. Treasure Dept. Defense Dept. Justice Dept. The White House The Judicial Branch The structure: the Supreme Court, 11 courts of appeals, 91 district courts The Supreme Court the only organ that has the power to interpret the Constitution. a Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices Judges are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Impeached by the Congress Interprets laws can hear appeals from any federal court cases.? to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the Constitution or national laws.? may declare a law unconstitutional. may declare a presidential act unconstitutional The Supreme Court Judicial review The court’s most important function :determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the Constitution. John Marshall established the J R in 1806. He made the decision on the case “Marburry V.Madisen” in 1803 Federal courts have jurisdiction (审批权)over cases concerning the Constitution; laws and treaties of the United States; maritime cases; issues involving forei